Pulp Thiab Ntawv Kev Lag Luam Kev Kho Dej Kho Dej
Pulp thiab ntawv kev lag luam kev kho dej khib nyiab Concept
Kev lag luam pulp thiab ntawv yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg siv dej loj tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam, tsim cov dej khib nyiab loj thaum lub sij hawm pulping, bleaching, thiab ntawv ua cov txheej txheem. Cov dej khib nyiab muaj cov organic ntau ntau, cov tshuaj siv hauv kev ua haujlwm (xws li lignin, chlorinated compounds, thiab dyes), thiab cov khoom noj. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho dej khib nyiab hauv kev lag luam no yog tshem tawm cov pa phem xws li cov khoom siv organic, cov khib nyiab pov tseg, thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg los xyuas kom meej tias cov dej tso tawm ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem ib puag ncig, tso cai rau rov siv dua thiab rov siv cov dej kho hauv cov txheej txheem.
1 Yam ntxwv ntawm Pulp thiab ntawv kev lag luam kev kho dej khib nyiab
1. Muaj Organic Load: Pulp thiab ntawv khib nyiab yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv organic, xws li ntoo fibers, cellulose, thiab lignin, uas ua rau muaj kev xav tau ntawm Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) thiab Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD).
2. Muaj cov tshuaj lom thiab cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab: Chlorinated organic compounds, phenolic compounds, thiab resin acids los ntawm cov txheej txheem pulping thiab bleaching yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab. Cov tebchaw no feem ntau yog tshuaj lom, tsis yog biodegradable, thiab yuav tsum tau kho tshwj xeeb kom tshem tawm.
3. High Suspended Solids: Cov dej khib nyiab feem ntau muaj cov khib nyiab tseem ceeb, suav nrog cov cellulose fibers thiab lwm yam khoom, uas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm kom tsis txhob txhaws thiab puas tsuaj rau cov txheej txheem kev kho dej hauv qab.
4. Cov teeb meem xim thiab tsw: Muaj lignin thiab dyes tuaj yeem ua rau cov dej khib nyiab muaj xim, uas yog qhov tsis zoo thiab tsis zoo rau ib puag ncig. Cov ntxhiab tsw muaj zog los ntawm cov tshuaj muaj sulfur (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm kraft pulping) kuj muaj.
5. Cov khoom noj khoom haus: Cov dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem muaj nitrogen thiab phosphorus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov kua dej los ntawm cov tshuaj pulping, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kuab paug rau hauv cov dej hauv lub cev.
6. Flowating Flow thiab Composition: Nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem theem (xws li, pulping lossis bleaching), cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm cov dej ntws, pH, kub, thiab cov pa phem ntau.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Pulp thiab ntawv kev lag luam cov txheej txheem dej khib nyiab
1. Kev kho thawj zaug: Thawj theem ntawm kev kho mob feem ntau muaj kev sib cais ntawm cov tshuab kom tshem tawm cov khib nyiab los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam, sedimentation, lossis flotation. Cov fibers loj, cov khib nyiab, thiab cov khoom siv tau raug tshem tawm, txo cov load ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv qab.
2. Secondary Treatment (Biological Treatment): Cov theem no tsom mus rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov organic teeb meem. Ua kom cov sludge systems lossis MBBR cov txheej txheem feem ntau yog siv los txo BOD thiab COD qib. Cov txheej txheem MBBR, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, siv biofilm ntawm cov khoom siv xov xwm los txhim kho microbial degradation ntawm complex organic tebchaw pom nyob rau hauv pulp thiab ntawv pov tseg. Kev kho anaerobic kuj tseem yuav ua haujlwm los rhuav tshem cov organic teeb meem thiab txo kev siv zog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov dej muaj zog.
3. Kev Kho Mob Thib Ob: Cov kev kho mob siab tshaj plaws xws li coagulation-flocculation, ozonation, lossis activated carbon filtration yog siv los tshem tawm cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab, xim, thiab lwm yam kuab paug. Membrane filtration lossis advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) yuav raug siv los tshem tawm cov micropollutants los yog txhim kho cov dej ntshiab thiab zoo rau kev rov siv dua.
4. Sludge tuav: Kev lag luam tsim muaj ntau cov sludge vim muaj siab concentration ntawm cov khib nyiab thiab cov khoom siv organic hauv cov dej khib nyiab. Sludge yuav tsum tau dewatered thiab kho ua ntej pov tseg los yog rov siv dua (piv txwv li, hauv lub zog rov qab).
Cov Kev Xav Tau Tshwj Xeeb rau MBBR Media Thaum Siv Hauv Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob rau Pulp thiab ntawv kev lag luam kev kho dej khib nyiab
1. High Surface Area rau Biofilm Kev Loj Hlob: Muab cov organic load siab hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov ntawv pov tseg, MBBR media yuav tsum muab thaj chaw loj rau kev loj hlob ntawm microbial biofilm. Qhov no tso cai rau kev degradation ntawm complex organics xws li lignin thiab cellulose.
2. Kev tiv thaiv rau Fouling thiab Fibers: Cov dej khib nyiab muaj cov fibers thiab cov khib nyiab tshem tawm uas tuaj yeem ua rau fouling ntawm MBBR media. Cov xov xwm yuav tsum muaj tus qauv tsim uas tiv thaiv kev txhaws los ntawm fibers thiab ua kom muaj kev ua tau zoo tsis tu ncua tsis tu ncua lossis tu.
3. Kev ua siab ntev rau Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Siab: Cov biofilm ntawm MBBR media yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tuav tau cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cov organic tebchaw yam tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab. Cov xov xwm yuav tsum txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem degrade ob qho tib si nkag tau yooj yim biodegradable thiab ntau dua recalcitrant compounds xws li lignin thiab chlorinated organics.
4. Durability nyob rau hauv hnyav tej yam kev mob: MBBR xov xwm yuav tsum tau chemically ruaj khov thiab ruaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam dej khib nyiab, nrog rau kev hloov pauv hauv pH, kub, thiab cov pa phem ntau. Cov xov xwm yuav tsum tiv taus corrosion los ntawm acidic lossis alkaline tej yam kev mob.
5. Kev Hloov Oxygen Kom Zoo: Kev hloov pauv oxygen yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv roj ntsha aeration, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov txheej txheem aerobic degradation. MBBR cov xov xwm yuav tsum txhawb kev sib xyaw kom zoo thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov pa oxygen tau muab sib npaug thoob plaws hauv biofilm los txhawb cov kab mob aerobic hauv kev rhuav tshem cov pa phem.
6. Kev them nyiaj yug rau kev kho mob anaerobic thiab aerobic: Qee zaum, ob qho tib si aerobic thiab anaerobic kev kho mob yog siv rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov ntawv pov tseg. MBBR cov xov xwm yuav xav tau kev txhawb nqa cov zej zog sib txawv nyob ntawm theem kho, ua rau kev hloov kho xov xwm tseem ceeb.
Xaus
Kev lag luam pulp thiab ntawv ua cov dej khib nyiab loj nrog cov ntsiab lus organic siab, tshem tawm cov khib nyiab, thiab cov tshuaj recalcitrant uas xav tau kev kho kom zoo kom txo tau qhov cuam tshuam ib puag ncig. Cov txheej txheem kev kho mob feem ntau suav nrog cov thawj, theem nrab (biological), thiab tertiary txoj hauv kev los tshem tawm cov pa phem, txo COD thiab BOD, thiab daws teeb meem xim thiab tsw. MBBR thev naus laus zis yog qhov zoo rau kev kho mob lom hauv kev lag luam vim nws muaj peev xwm tswj tau cov organic loads siab thiab cov tebchaw nyuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua tiav ntawm MBBR cov tshuab hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntawv pov tseg yog nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv xov xwm. MBBR media yuav tsum muab thaj chaw siab rau kev loj hlob ntawm biofilm, tiv thaiv fouling, tiv taus cov dej khib nyiab hnyav, thiab txhawb nqa cov pa oxygen hloov pauv tau zoo. Los ntawm kev xaiv MBBR cov xov xwm tsim nyog, kev lag luam tuaj yeem ua tiav kev kho dej khib nyiab zoo, ua kom muaj kev ua raws li kev cai ib puag ncig thiab ua kom dej rov siv dua thiab rov siv dua hauv qhov chaw.